Complex Organizational Systems Research Articles

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ВОЗДЕЙСТВУЮЩИЕ НА СОТРУДНИКОВ ГПС МЧС РОССИИ В ИХ ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The socio-psychological factors of the management process in complex organizational systems are considered, as well as factors influencing the staff of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia in everyday life. The management process is shown as a kind of management cycle of the process of functioning of a complex system, as well as the positive and negative qualities of different categories of employees in the performance of their official duties in the conditions of daily activity, on which the head must make appropriate decisions, are presented.

System approach to building a mathematical model of a complex organizational-technical system in transport

The current situation in the synthesis of complex organizational and technical systems in transport is characterized by a significant lag in the level of development of special mathematical and software, which significantly reduces the pace of development and efficiency of complex organizational and technical systems. This, in turn, does not allow to fully use the potential opportunities of scientific and technical progress to improve complex organizational and technical systems in transport. The fact of system and circuit synthesis of complex systems, a number of important fundamental tasks of system synthesis of multi-level hierarchical systems, to which complex organizational and technical systems belong. In the literature the objective prerequisites determining the necessity, expediency and possibility of their solution have not been sufficiently considered yet.

МЕТОД МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ

Evaluation of the efficiency of technical means is an important practical task at the stage of selecting their composition when designing complex organizational and technical systems. The author's method of multicriteria evaluation of technical means efficiency on the basis of dimension analysis is proposed, which allows to take into account many of their private characteristics. This method allows solving the problems of determining the quantitative values of generalised indicators of efficiency and effectiveness of technical means and, on their basis, selecting the preferred option for inclusion in the structure of organisational and technical systems. A practical example of using the method to select sensors in the synthesis of fire protection system of the object is presented.

Eliminating "systematic survivorship bias" in the attitude of specialists to the significance of investment attractive features of examined objects

Methods for detecting and eliminating false measurements are well known in the theory of metrology. However, the relevant methodology is not adapted to the needs of the qualitative assessment of the impact of the human factor on expert decision-making. The "systematic survivorship bias" refers to the following: when involving experts in conducting examinations, they usually focus on that part of them, where statistically probable agreed opinions are observed based on the results of these examinations. Other experts are considered "marginal", their opinions are discarded and not taken into account, which defines the "systematic survivorship bias", also called the "paradox of information availability". Although the specified "marginality" may be a consequence of the unique experience of conducting examinations or, for example, the use of modern technologies by a specific specialist, little known to the general public. It should be noted that manipulation of statistical data with an orientation only on "successful" cases could be really dangerous, for example, in studies of the human factor in complex ergastic active and organizational management systems, in particular aviation. The rationale and implementation of the algorithm for detecting and eliminating the "systematic survivorship bias" have been given in this paper. m=90 specialists who are usually involved in various examinations by UkrINTEI took part in the research. The actual elimination of the "systematic survivorship bias" occurs after the implementation of a certain number of iterations of the algorithm given in the current work. As a result of iterations of the above-mentioned algorithm, it was established that four subgroups can be distinguished from the initial sample with the number of m=90, with the following numbers: mC=30 people, mH=12 people, mM=11 people, mT=6 people. For the specified subgroups, the consistency of group opinions satisfies the entire spectrum of hypothesis testing criteria established in this paper

MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS OF COORDINATED PLANNING

Modern processes of globalization and economic competition require a significant increase in the requirements for the professional degree of top-level managers who manage the activities of international corporations, regional economies, branch ministries, etc. Their efficient operation is impossible without the use of basic scientific developments and appropriate software which implement the main qualitative law of complex organizational and production systems management: the law of coordinated management (planning), when management decisions at the top level take into account interests that may not coincide, or even be antagonistic in organizational and production subsystems connected by a certain structure of mutual relations within a single organizational and production complex system. In this work, we consider a two-level organizational and production system, which in terms of the generally known theory of active systems is defined as “decision-making center → elements (of an organizational and production subsystem)”. We consider formal models of elements of two classes, linear continuous and discrete, aggregated production models which belong to the same class of NP-hard single-stage scheduling problems. For both types of element models, we give compromise criteria and corresponding methods of constructing compromise solutions based on the results of Prof. A. A. Pavlov for multi-objective linear programming, as a result of his theoretical research for discrete optimization problems under uncertainty, and the theory of PSC-algorithms created by him and his students, that is, algorithms containing polynomial complexity subalgorithms for constructing feasible solutions that satisfy theoretically substantiated sufficient signs of optimality. In this work, we use the PSC-algorithm for the NP-hard scheduling problem “Minimization of the total weighted completion time of jobs on a single machine with precedence relations given by a directed acyclic graph”.

Разработка математической модели оптимизации и применение методов динамического программирования в задаче управления учебной группой процесса обучения курсантов силовых структур в высших учебных заведениях

This article discusses the problem of developing a mathematical model and applying dynamic programming methods to improve the effectiveness of the training process for students in the interests of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation in subordinate higher educational institutions, which, within the framework of this article, are considered as a complex organizational system. Currently, due to the existential challenges presented to our country, it is necessary to solve more multifaceted professional tasks by employees of law enforcement agencies in their practical activities. All this requires advanced professional training for solving professional tasks by law enforcement officers who study at higher educational institutions. The training of law enforcement officers in higher education institutions, like any complex organizational system, depends on the objective and subjective parameters that affect the functioning of this system. To this end, in order to increase the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the process of training cadets of law enforcement agencies, heads of higher educational institutions responsible for improving the quality of the educational process should introduce information systems into the activity that operate on the basis of a mathematical apparatus describing the model of preparing students to perform professional duties. The development of mathematical models involves the use of the apparatus of the theory of operations research, as well as the theory of Markov random processes, in particular, the description of functioning based on processes with discrete states and continuous time and using game theory in order to achieve the necessary practical results is considered.

Особенности моделирования функционирования ВУЗов как сложных организационных систем силовых структур

The article considers an approach to solving the problem of improving the indicators characterizing the state of the educational group of a modern university, which is currently difficult to imagine without the use of systems operating on the basis of mathematical models of SED. The elements of assessing approaches to improving the effectiveness of management decision-making are considered, which cannot always be characterized quantitatively. To increase the effectiveness of the R&D, it is proposed to use methods and tools that implement a quantitative assessment of the state of the management system, which is able to justify the decision made. When modeling managerial decision-making in complex organizational systems of law enforcement agencies, a conceptual approach is proposed that is based on situational modeling and provides information to the decision-maker in this system about his current state. Based on this situational information, the decision-maker will make recommendations in the interests of situational management and ensure its adaptation to real needs. The situational approach uses a set-theoretic representation of models, which will allow combining the spatial and structural interpretation of this model. Determining the relationships between employees in complex organizational systems of law enforcement agencies will allow you to link tasks with employees based on input-output information flows using a multi-criteria assessment of alternative.

Побудова архітектури мультиагентного середовища імітаційної моделі процесу ціноутворення на ринку електроенергії

The question of building the architecture of the multi-agent environment of the simulation model of the pricing process, as a space of heterogeneous interconnected organizational, infor-mational, technological and economic interactions of the simulated agents of the pricing pro-cess, is considered.Using the example of a complex organizational and technical system (COTS) of the electricity micro-market in local electric power systems, the set of agents sur-rounding them and ensuring the vital activity of the COTS of pricing is formalized, consisting of classified internal agents and environmental agents with a definition of their functional pur-pose. It was established that a set of partially observable influence factors of subjects of the electricity micro-market external environment are additionally formalized in the multi-agent pricing system as communication agents with stochastic, dynamic. but with discrete fixation of distinct states of observation processes in this environment. As a result, the simulation model of the pricing process is presented as a heterogeneous distributed multi-agent system.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ФУНКЦИЙ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО ЭТАПА ПРОЦЕССА РУКОВОДСТВА В ГПС МЧС РОССИИ

The content of the management process in complex organizational systems, as well as the stages and functions in the process of human self-government are considered. The management process is shown as a kind of management process, as well as basic definitions of purposeful systems, functioning of systems, control and managed subsystems are given. The lists of strictly consistent and naturally following functions performed by a person during management are determined.

Approaches to the intellectualization of information and telecommunication networks security control in transport

The specifics of modern information and telecommunication networks in transport, as an object of information security control, are investigated. The main trends in the development of information and telecommunication network protection technologies (TNPT) have been identified. The presence of the interrelation of the main integrative properties: readiness, mobility, throughput, stealth, accessibility, manageability, which is a consequence of the convergence of information transmission and processing technologies, is noted. A new integrative property of ITCS has become the presence and characteristics of distributed system memory, which allows storing transmitted messages for a certain time. An important feature of modern TNPT is the presence of artificial intelligence, which is formed on the basis of information and algorithmic support of modern TNPT, providing flexibility of the system behavior. These trends indicate the transformation of TNPT into a supersystem, the management tasks of which are insufficiently investigated at present. The purpose of this work is to study new approaches to ensuring the safety management of modern TNPT critical infrastructure, which includes modern systems of sea and river transport, taking into account their features. The object of the study is the information security control system of modern TNPT. The subject of the study is the scientific and methodological support of the TNPT critical infrastructure control. The research objectives are to analyze existing and develop new conceptual frameworks, as well as approaches to improving the TNPT information security control system based on intellectualization methods. The analysis of the existing methodology for managing complex organizational and technical systems and information security control technologies is carried out. The concept of TNPT information security control is formalized schematically. The analysis of the existing approach to the organization of the TNPT information security control process is carried out. The tasks of control intellectualization are defined. The problem of ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the TNPT control is formulated. The main scientific tasks of the development of the TNPT information security control methodology are defined.

SEAL: Integrating Program Analysis and Repository Mining

Software projects are complex technical and organizational systems involving large numbers of artifacts and developers. To understand and tame software complexity, a wide variety of program analysis techniques have been developed for bug detection, program comprehension, verification, and more. At the same time, repository mining techniques aim at obtaining insights into the inner socio-technical workings of software projects at a larger scale. While both program analysis and repository mining have been successful on their own, they are largely isolated, which leaves considerable potential for synergies untapped. We present SEAL, the first integrated approach that combines low-level program analysis with high-level repository information. SEAL maps repository information, mined from the development history of a project, onto a low-level intermediate program representation, making it available for state-of-the-art program analysis. SEAL’s integrated approach allows us to efficiently address software engineering problems that span multiple levels of abstraction, from low-level data flow to high-level organizational information. To demonstrate its merits and practicality, we use SEAL to determine which code changes modify central parts of a given software project, how authors interact (indirectly) with each other through code, and we demonstrate that putting static analysis’ results into a socio-technical context improves their expressiveness and interpretability.

Profitability of rural practice

There is a crisis in rural veterinary medicine as rural practitio­ners face challenges in different business environments. Rural veterinary practices are complex organizational systems with economic and demographic challenges directly associated with various causal conditions which affect practice profitability and efficiency. Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, data was collected from 16 mixed rural veteri­nary practices in the southeastern United States over 4 years. A 3-year financial analysis found profits and owners’ compen­sation of 20.3% of gross revenues, cost of goods sold (COGS) of 37.8% of gross revenues, practice and doctor averages cli­ent transactions of $102 and $117, respectively. Population and income averages within 40 miles of the practice were 452,939 people with household incomes of $67,780. Compared to the averaged Well-Managed Practice Benchmarks 2019, American Animal Hospital Association 2019, and American Veterinary Medical Association 2017 data, potential causal conditions chal­lenges for rural practices limiting profitability are COGS, clini­cal revenue production, and clinical work efficiency.

Formalization of risk management in the context of digital business transformation

The aim of the article is to develop a formal methodology for quantitative assessment of the quality of аcontrol in a closed system with feedback in the context of digital transformation. In the proposed study, attention is focused on assessing the quality of management in organizational and technical systems on the example of the aviation industry. The following hypotheses were adopted in the study: in the digital management of business processes of an economic entity, the role of intellectual support is acquired by methods of formal description of processes: control, decision-making and corrective action on the control object. In critical situations, the psychotype of the person making the decision acquires a decisive role. The study solves two scientific and practical problems: development of a formal method for quantitative assessment of the quality of management of a complex multi-criteria organizational and technical system under the conditions of statistical uncertainty of management agents, taking into account feedback in the management of an object; formalization of the process of quantitative assessment of decision-making risks in the environment of statistical uncertainty of control agents and psychological factors of the decision maker.

Multi-Criteria Analysis of Startup Investment Alternatives Using the Hierarchy Method.

In this paper, we discuss the use of multi-criteria analysis for investment alternatives as a rational, transparent, and systematic approach that reveals the decision-making process during a study of influences and relationships in complex organizational systems. It is shown that this approach considers not only quantitative but also qualitative influences, statistical and individual properties of the object, and expert objective evaluation. We define the criteria for evaluating startup investment prerogatives, which are organized in thematic clusters (types of potential). To compare the investment alternatives, Saaty's hierarchy method is used. As an example, the analysis of three startups is carried out based on the phase mechanism and Saaty's analytic hierarchy process to identify investment appeal of startups according to their specific features. As a result, it is possible to diversify the risks of an investor through the allocation of resources between several projects, in accordance with the received vector of global priorities.

Разработка логико-математических моделей принятия управленческих решений в сложных организационных системах специального назначения

This article discusses the problem of making managerial decisions by employees when using complex organizational systems for special purposes. In order to make effective management decisions by employees in complex organizational systems for special purposes, it is necessary to develop the structure of this system, to adapt the mathematical models of the set of goals to real goals-processes, to the choice of alternative management decisions for intermediate goals of such systems. It is advisable to adhere to the following approach "a solution is a multi-layered iterative information process initiated by a problem situation, preceding the action." When developing cognitive mathematical models (CMM) for managerial decision-making (CMP), we will assume that the target settings (TA) are homogeneous and should be based on the basic principles of construction (COSSN) of a complex organizational structure for special purposes. The signs of the classification of managerial decisions and the stages of the process of making managerial decisions are given: analysis, forecasting, optimization and choice of alternatives. PUR when functioning in the SSSN is important for all employees who, constantly or periodically act as managers (curators, organizers, management entities). The network model of the CSSSN in the form of graph G is developed based on the requirements for the functioning of this system as a technology for the adoption of SD.

Adaptive Fuzzy Predictive Approach in Control

This article studies the approach to solving the problem of controlling the complex organizational and technical systems based on hybrid models. We propose a new component of intelligent decision support that is integrated with control systems. The proposed component is based on fuzzy logic and knowledge engineering. We present a model of ontology to form the context of data analysis and time series modeling. The ontological context allows us to represent trends of the analyzed object indicators. An expert can add a set of fuzzy rules to the ontology for systems control based on the fuzzy inference. The proposed approach allows reducing the time of analysis and interpretation of the results. Experimental results confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the approach proposed in this article.

Paradoxical leader behavior and leader effectiveness: moderating role of structural and job-related uncertainty

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of paradoxical leader behavior (PLB) on leader effectiveness (LE). The authors propose an underlying mechanism of this relationship and examine if the stated relationship is moderated by job-related and structural uncertainty in the organization.Design methodology approachThe authors draw on survey data from 127 employees working in public and privately owned organizations and analyze data using AMOS and SPSS.FindingsResults offer partial support to the authors’ hypotheses indicating that paradoxical leader behavior is positively associated to LE. As expected, the relationship is negatively moderated by structural uncertainty indicating that LE is weakened where there is structural uncertainty in the organization. However, in contrast to our other assumption, the authors find a positive (rather than negative) moderating role of job-related uncertainty in the PLB–LE relationship.Originality valueParadoxes are everywhere and inherently embedded in complex and dynamic organizational systems. To deal with paradoxes, organizational leaders often seek to act paradoxically. However, not every leader has a paradoxical mindset, and where a leader has such, it remains unclear if they will prove to be effective leaders. What can further influence the effectiveness of such leaders is the uncertainty that organizations face in the today’s dynamic environments. In this study, the authors contribute to paradox theory and the paradoxical leadership literature by unfolding the boundary conditions which can influence paradoxical leader’s effectiveness.

Logistics and maintenance support for vehicles in the agro-industrial complex

The approach of logistics support of agro-industrial complexes with agricultural machinery and technical means for their maintenance in the planning of tender procurement procedures is considered. The proposed approach is based on the structure of the resource support of the agro-industrial complex, which is a complex organizational system. In the described structure of resources, a block of logistics support for vehicles and the material and technical resources necessary for its maintenance, the presence of which is important for solving functional and production problems, is singled out. On the basis of ongoing research, a cause-and-effect diagram has been developed with the definition of the most significant problems affecting the management of transport provision in agro-industrial complexes. A methodology for the expert assessment of the most demanded types of resources is proposed and described in order to optimize the spending of financial resources and increase the level of logistics support. The study of the approach under consideration is reduced to improving the procedure for planning tender purchases by developing and applying a model for determining and substantiating technical resources that are the most in demand for fulfilling the functional tasks of the agro-industrial complexes. As a result of the proposed model, the authors developed an algorithm for planning tenders, the practical application of which is based on achieving the objectives of the efficiency of spending financial resources and reducing the timing of tender procedures and their validity in terms of adequacy.

Lančesterove diferencijalne jednačine kao operativni alati za donošenje odluka

This paper investigates the application of Lanchester's equations as a scientific method and tool for examining the functioning of the armed forces as complex organizational systems in combat. It is important to assess the reliability of the knowledge obtained by this method, about the facts of the operational environment and the effectiveness of the use of forces, in order to support the process of planning and making optimal decisions, in conditions of uncertainty and risk, which are inherent in warfare. According to this hypothesis, a mathematical model was developed based on the wellknown Lanchester's equations, which defined the quadratic and linear law of combat between two opponents with a heterogeneous force structure (air force and army). The created model enables a correct simplified analysis in the decision-making process. Real war and combat operations are very complex and require the use of complex simulators, whose methodological background is often unknown to decision makers, which is why reliable approximate simulation and modeling methods are necessary and desirable.

Information support in the management of complex organisational systems

The priority of modern development of socio-economic processes is the trend of widespread implementation of information and digital technologies aimed at automating a variety of activities, including in the agricultural sector. The article deals with the information support in the management of the agroindustrial complex, which is a complex organizational system. The analysis of agroindustrial complexes management areas, their goals and objectives of functioning has been made. Based on the conducted research, the stages of information support and digital support are formed and the structure of the information system, allowing to achieve the strategic goals of management, is offered.